Exposure · 3 min read
Exposure Value: the method, worked through
Exposure value combines aperture and shutter time on a logarithmic scale.
30 illustrated guides
Behind the frame
Work through the formula, compare a few scenarios and know where the model stops.
Exposure · 3 min read
Understanding iso-normalized ev100
Normalizing exposure settings to ISO one hundred makes equivalent settings easier to compare.
Exposure · 3 min read
Shutter after Stop Change: from inputs to a useful answer
Each additional stop doubles exposure time at a fixed aperture and scene.
Exposure · 3 min read
A practical guide to aperture stop difference
F-number controls aperture area through a squared relationship, which gives two logarithmic factors.
Exposure · 3 min read
How iso stop difference works
ISO ratios can be expressed as exposure-setting stop differences.
Exposure · 3 min read
ND Exposure Time: the method, worked through
A neutral-density filter extends the required exposure time by a power-of-two factor.
Exposure · 3 min read
Understanding nd stops from factor
A filter factor describes how much longer exposure must be; its logarithm gives stops.
Exposure · 3 min read
ND Optical Density to Stops: from inputs to a useful answer
Optical density is based on powers of ten, while exposure stops are based on powers of two.
Exposure · 3 min read
A practical guide to nd transmission
Transmission is the fraction of incident light remaining after an ideal filter.
Exposure · 3 min read
How equivalent shutter for iso works
For equivalent rendered brightness at a fixed aperture, shutter time scales inversely with ISO.
Exposure · 3 min read
Equivalent Shutter for Aperture: the method, worked through
Changing aperture requires a squared shutter-time correction to preserve optical exposure.
Exposure · 3 min read
Understanding exposure compensation multiplier
A stop-based correction becomes a multiplicative exposure factor.
Optics · 3 min read
Full-Frame Equivalent Focal Length: from inputs to a useful answer
Crop factor expresses a field-of-view comparison relative to a chosen full-frame reference.
Optics · 3 min read
A practical guide to horizontal field of view
A rectilinear lens's horizontal angle of view follows sensor width and focal length.
Optics · 3 min read
How vertical field of view works
Vertical angle of view uses the sensor's shorter dimension for a landscape-oriented frame.
Optics · 3 min read
Sensor Diagonal: the method, worked through
The sensor diagonal supports format comparisons and diagonal field-of-view calculations.
Optics · 3 min read
Understanding diagonal crop factor
A diagonal crop factor compares the sensor diagonal with a 36 by 24 millimetre reference.
Optics · 3 min read
Subject Width in Frame: from inputs to a useful answer
A distant-subject approximation estimates the horizontal scene width captured at a given distance.
Optics · 3 min read
A practical guide to distance for subject width
Rearranging the angle-of-view geometry gives a starting camera distance for a desired framing width.
Optics · 3 min read
How hyperfocal distance works
Hyperfocal distance comes from a geometric sharpness criterion set by the circle of confusion.
Optics · 3 min read
Near Depth-of-Field Limit: the method, worked through
The near depth-of-field boundary estimates where defocus reaches a chosen blur-circle tolerance.
Optics · 3 min read
Understanding far depth-of-field limit
The far depth-of-field boundary follows the same geometric blur criterion as the near boundary.
Resolution · 3 min read
Image Megapixels: from inputs to a useful answer
Megapixels count the total samples in a rectangular image grid.
Resolution · 3 min read
A practical guide to print width from pixels
Pixel dimensions and chosen print density together determine output size.
Resolution · 3 min read
How print height from pixels works
An image's vertical pixel count sets print height at a specified pixels-per-inch density.
Resolution · 3 min read
Required Print Pixels: the method, worked through
A target physical dimension converts into a minimum whole-pixel requirement.
Resolution · 3 min read
Understanding aspect ratio width
Aspect ratio determines width from a known height.
Resolution · 3 min read
Aspect Ratio Height: from inputs to a useful answer
A target frame proportion determines height from width.
Resolution · 3 min read
A practical guide to resize percentage
A resize percentage describes linear scaling, which can be applied equally to both dimensions.
Resolution · 3 min read
How crop retained pixels works
A centred crop with the same aspect ratio reduces both dimensions by the crop factor.
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